There are three genders in Marathi: masculine, feminine, and neuter. They are also often categorized based on their ending vowel, which is especially useful in studying their inflection – those ending in the schwa (or inherent vowel) a (अ) are termed akārānt (अकारान्त), those ending in the vowel ā (आ) are termed ākārānt (आकारान्त), those ending in the vowel ī (ई) are termed īkārānt (ईकारान्त), and so on. Nouns are primarily divided into three categories – proper nouns (विशेषनाम, visheshnāma), common nouns (सामान्यनाम, samānyanāma), and abstract nouns (भाववाचकनाम, bhāvvāchaknāma) – that are identical in definition to their counterparts in other languages (such as English), and are inflected for gender, number and case. Marathi words can be classified in any of the following parts of speech: This special status expects the rules for ‘tatsama’ words be followed as of Sanskrit grammar. Traditions of Marathi Linguistics and above mentioned rules give special status to ‘ tatsama’ (तत्सम) words borrowed from the Sanskrit language. The book is widely referred to students in schools and colleges. These rules are described in Marathi Grammar, written by M. The contemporary grammatical rules described by Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad and endorsed by the Government of Maharashtra are supposed to take precedence in standard written Marathi. An unusual feature of Marathi, as compared to other Indo-European languages, is that it displays the inclusive and exclusive we feature, that is common to the Dravidian languages, Rajasthani, and Gujarati. Affixation is largely suffixal in the language and postpositions are attested. A third type of voice, not found in English for example, is produced when the verb agrees with neither subject nor object. Verbs can agree with their subjects, yielding an active voice construction, or with their objects, yielding a passive voice construction. Marathi verbs inflect for tense (past, present, future). Typically, Marathi adjectives do not inflect unless they end in an आ ( /aː/) vowel, in which case they inflect for gender and number. Marathi preserves the neuter gender found in Sanskrit, a feature further distinguishing it from many Indo-Aryan languages. Nouns inflect for gender (masculine, feminine, neuter), number (singular, plural), and case. The principal word order in Marathi is SOV (subject–object–verb). The first modern book exclusively about the grammar of Marathi was printed in 1805 by Willam Carey. The grammar of the Marathi language shares similarities with other modern Indo-Aryan languages such as Odia, Gujarati or Punjabi. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks or boxes, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of Indic text.
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